說明：
來(lai)源：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)院福建(jian)物(wu)構(gou)(gou)(gou)所(suo) 由(you)于(yu)(yu)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)具有(you)將近紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)光(guang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)短波長可見-紫外(wai)(wai)(wai)光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)發光(guang)特性，同(tong)時中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)具有(you)高比表面(mian)(mian)積及豐富可調的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔道結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)等優(you)點，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)在(zai)(zai)生物(wu)傳感及成(cheng)像、藥物(wu)緩(huan)釋和醫學(xue)(xue)診療等方面(mian)(mian)具有(you)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用前景(jing)。迄今(jin)，合成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)利用硬模板法。然(ran)(ran)而，硬模板法需要(yao)先對(dui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)進(jin)行二氧化硅或聚合物(wu)包(bao)(bao)覆(fu)，隨(sui)后(hou)通(tong)(tong)過選擇性腐蝕或者高溫煅燒(shao)去除模板，其(qi)(qi)合成(cheng)工藝較復(fu)雜(za)且(qie)(qie)無法實(shi)現在(zai)(zai)襯(chen)底(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)原位構(gou)(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)，從而大(da)大(da)限制了(le)其(qi)(qi)應用范圍。 通(tong)(tong)過在(zai)(zai)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)表面(mian)(mian)外(wai)(wai)(wai)延生長均勻包(bao)(bao)覆(fu)同(tong)質殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)層通(tong)(tong)常(chang)被認為是(shi)(shi)減(jian)少原有(you)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)表面(mian)(mian)缺(que)(que)(que)陷(xian)(xian)密(mi)度，從而提高上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)發光(guang)效率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種有(you)效策略。然(ran)(ran)而，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)同(tong)質包(bao)(bao)覆(fu)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)缺(que)(que)(que)陷(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)否被顯(xian)著(zhu)抑制等基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)問題尚缺(que)(que)(que)乏深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。在(zai)(zai)國家自然(ran)(ran)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)(ji)(ji)金杰出(chu)青(qing)年科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)(ji)(ji)金、科(ke)(ke)(ke)技部(bu)“973”計劃(hua)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)院戰略性先導科(ke)(ke)(ke)技專項和創新國際團隊等的(de)(de)(de)(de)支持(chi)下(xia)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)院福建(jian)物(wu)質結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)功能納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)設計與組裝重點實(shi)驗室陳學(xue)(xue)元研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)小(xiao)組和王(wang)元生研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)小(xiao)組合作，徐金等通(tong)(tong)過電子(zi)束輻照核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)（NaLuF4:Gd/Yb/Er@NaLuF4:Nd/Yb@NaLuF4）發現同(tong)質包(bao)(bao)覆(fu)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)其(qi)(qi)內(nei)核(he)(he)(he)(he)與殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)層界(jie)面(mian)(mian)處依然(ran)(ran)存在(zai)(zai)大(da)量晶(jing)體缺(que)(que)(que)陷(xian)(xian)，并且(qie)(qie)該(gai)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)缺(que)(que)(que)陷(xian)(xian)濃(nong)度甚至(zhi)高于(yu)(yu)內(nei)核(he)(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體相缺(que)(que)(que)陷(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度。在(zai)(zai)此(ci)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)者們巧妙地(di)利用這種界(jie)面(mian)(mian)缺(que)(que)(que)陷(xian)(xian)調控(kong)，借助(zhu)電子(zi)束刻(ke)蝕首次實(shi)現了(le)在(zai)(zai)碳(tan)膜襯(chen)底(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)原位構(gou)(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)。在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定功率(lv)密(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)電子(zi)束輻照下(xia)，預先沉積于(yu)(yu)碳(tan)膜襯(chen)底(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)由(you)實(shi)心(xin)球體快速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，整(zheng)個(ge)過程(cheng)在(zai)(zai)30秒內(nei)即可完成(cheng)，并且(qie)(qie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)依然(ran)(ran)保持(chi)原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)體結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。通(tong)(tong)過對(dui)納(na)(na)(na)(na)米(mi)(mi)(mi)晶(jing)由(you)實(shi)心(xin)向中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)核(he)(he)(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原位透射電鏡觀(guan)察，并結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合理(li)論模型(xing)分析，研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)人員進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)揭示了(le)該(gai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)...
說明：
來源：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科院(yuan)寧波(bo)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)所 近日(ri)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國科學(xue)院(yuan)寧波(bo)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)技(ji)術(shu)與工(gong)程(cheng)研究(jiu)所稀(xi)(xi)土磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)功(gong)能(neng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)實(shi)驗室針對南方(fang)離子型中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、高(gao)(gao)釔(yi)礦(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，在高(gao)(gao)豐(feng)(feng)(feng)度(du)(du)(du)釔(yi)混合稀(xi)(xi)土永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)研發和(he)產業化(hua)方(fang)面取得系列進(jin)展，通(tong)過對硬磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)主(zhu)相(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)設計(ji)與界面分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)調控，開發出具有(you)(you)優(you)異(yi)(yi)耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen)特(te)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)矯(jiao)(jiao)頑力(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)，突破了(le)高(gao)(gao)豐(feng)(feng)(feng)度(du)(du)(du)稀(xi)(xi)土元素(su)(su)在永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用瓶頸。 燒結(jie)(jie)Nd-Fe-B永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)能(neng)取決(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)組成(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)微觀結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，而磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)相(xiang)組成(cheng)(cheng)和(he)微觀結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)主(zhu)要由制備(bei)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)元素(su)(su)冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)為控制，研究(jiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)首(shou)先系統研究(jiu)了(le)高(gao)(gao)豐(feng)(feng)(feng)度(du)(du)(du)稀(xi)(xi)土元素(su)(su)La/Ce/Y在磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)制備(bei)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布及(ji)遷(qian)移(yi)特(te)征(zheng)，澄清(qing)其對合金(jin)(jin)(jin)成(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)及(ji)微觀組織結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響規律。研究(jiu)發現在速凝(ning)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，La和(he)Ce在合金(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)界相(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)量(liang)富(fu)集，Y主(zhu)要富(fu)集于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2:14:1主(zhu)相(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)析表(biao)明Y的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引入可(ke)以穩定四(si)方(fang)相(xiang)，避免La、Ce對硬磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞。在后續(xu)工(gong)藝過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，Y則進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)從晶(jing)界向(xiang)主(zhu)相(xiang)晶(jing)粒(li)(li)內部(bu)偏(pian)(pian)聚(ju)。圖(tu)1反(fan)映了(le)這種(zhong)稀(xi)(xi)土冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)為造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同高(gao)(gao)豐(feng)(feng)(feng)度(du)(du)(du)稀(xi)(xi)土元素(su)(su)在合金(jin)(jin)(jin)內分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)(yi)性(xing)。 基于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)對該冶(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)為特(te)征(zheng)及(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)反(fan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)機理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識，研究(jiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)提(ti)出了(le)Y在主(zhu)相(xiang)內部(bu)偏(pian)(pian)聚(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)設計(ji)思路，并獲得了(le)Y偏(pian)(pian)聚(ju)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)相(xiang)晶(jing)粒(li)(li)核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核殼(ke)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，如圖(tu)2所示，晶(jing)粒(li)(li)表(biao)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Y含量(liang)使(shi)(shi)得主(zhu)相(xiang)晶(jing)粒(li)(li)具有(you)(you)更高(gao)(gao)各向(xiang)異(yi)(yi)性(xing)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殼(ke)層(ceng)區(qu)域，能(neng)夠有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)抑制晶(jing)粒(li)(li)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)形核過程(cheng)，增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矯(jiao)(jiao)頑力(li)(li)(li)。進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)通(tong)過合理(li)設計(ji)晶(jing)界成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)，利(li)用晶(jing)界相(xiang)區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶解析出作用，解決(jue)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)晶(jing)粒(li)(li)生(sheng)長及(ji)稀(xi)(xi)土釔(yi)元素(su)(su)強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遷(qian)移(yi)偏(pian)(pian)聚(ju)行(xing)為造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)粒(li)(li)黏(nian)連(lian)、晶(jing)界相(xiang)缺失(shi)及(ji)偏(pian)(pian)聚(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難題(ti)，成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)實(shi)現了(le)連(lian)續(xu)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)界相(xiang)對核殼(ke)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)硬磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)相(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)覆，有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)了(le)晶(jing)粒(li)(li)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)隔離效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)，使(shi)(shi)得高(gao)(gao)豐(feng)(feng)(feng)度(du)(du)(du)釔(yi)混合稀(xi)(xi)土磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)表(biao)現出較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室溫(wen)矯(jiao)(jiao)頑力(li)(li)(li)及(ji)優(you)異(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen)特(te)性(xing)，在Y替(ti)代(dai)Nd40%之(zhi)內均可(ke)獲得最大(da)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)能(neng)積大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)40MGOe的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)能(neng)，Y替(ti)代(dai)15%Nd獲得矯(jiao)(jiao)頑力(li)(li)(li)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)17kOe的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)能(neng)，綜(zong)合性(xing)能(neng)優(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)Ce取代(dai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)。該研究(jiu)結(jie)(jie)合主(zhu)相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)調控及(ji)晶(jing)界增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)技(ji)術(shu)，解決(jue)了(le)...
說明：
來(lai)源：新(xin)民晚(wan)報 日前，從(cong)上海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)事大學獲悉，由該校(xiao)物流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工程學院教授湯天浩(hao)帶領的(de)(de)(de)團隊(dui)(dui)(dui)所研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)力和(he)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)混合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術取得進展，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)驗平臺(tai)已經初(chu)步(bu)(bu)建立(li)。 該項目主要研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)在海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)特殊環境下(xia)，研(yan)(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，探索和(he)解決風(feng)(feng)力和(he)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)混合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)構建、集成、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)變換模式、并(bing)(bing)網(wang)控制(zhi)(zhi)等關鍵技術。海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)新(xin)能(neng)源混合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構包括(kuo)海(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、海(hai)(hai)水(shui)溫差發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等。 據介(jie)紹，海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)驗平臺(tai)由真(zhen)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模擬(ni)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、基(ji)于OPAL-RT模擬(ni)計(ji)算機(ji)組(zu)(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算機(ji)模擬(ni)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)半物理仿真(zhen)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)組(zu)(zu)成。能(neng)通過不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)模擬(ni)與實(shi)驗方(fang)法，研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)性能(neng)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模擬(ni)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)”可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)0-1.5m/s流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速(su)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)來(lai)模擬(ni)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)運動(dong)，可(ke)產生(sheng)均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、波(bo)浪、浪涌、渦流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)等。 在海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，湯天浩(hao)團隊(dui)(dui)(dui)設計(ji)了(le)(le)(le)直(zhi)接驅動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)低速(su)“永磁(ci)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)”。這種發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)省去了(le)(le)(le)勵磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)容易出問題的(de)(de)(de)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷，結(jie)構較(jiao)為簡單，加(jia)工和(he)裝(zhuang)配費用(yong)減(jian)少，運行可(ke)靠，非常適合(he)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環境。采用(yong)稀土(tu)永磁(ci)后可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)增(zeng)大氣隙磁(ci)密(mi)，從(cong)而顯著縮小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)體積，提(ti)高功率(lv)質(zhi)量比。由于省去了(le)(le)(le)轉子勵磁(ci)損耗，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)效(xiao)率(lv)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)高。另外，處于直(zhi)軸磁(ci)路中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)永磁(ci)體的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)導(dao)率(lv)很(hen)小，直(zhi)軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞反應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗較(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勵磁(ci)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)小得多(duo)，因而固(gu)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化(hua)率(lv)也比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勵磁(ci)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)小。 研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)團隊(dui)(dui)(dui)還提(ti)出了(le)(le)(le)多(duo)種海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)源直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)方(fang)案，簡化(hua)了(le)(le)(le)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)控制(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)(bing)提(ti)出采用(yong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法，解決海(hai)(hai)底輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)問題；設計(ji)和(he)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)(le)兩種并(bing)(bing)網(wang)逆變器，能(neng)夠(gou)按(an)用(yong)戶需求提(ti)供交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，或(huo)與岸上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。“目前，我們建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仿真(zhen)平臺(tai)，初(chu)步(bu)(bu)建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)驗平臺(tai)，為今后進一步(bu)(bu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)奠定了(le)(le)(le)基(ji)礎。” 湯天浩(hao)表示。
說明：
來源(yuan)：中(zhong)科(ke)院大(da)連(lian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)所 近(jin)日，中(zhong)國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院大(da)連(lian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)物(wu)理(li)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)基礎國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)實驗(yan)室包信和(he)(he)(he)(he)與(yu)汪(wang)國(guo)雄團隊在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)電(dian)(dian)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)取得新進展，相關結(jie)(jie)果(guo)發表在(zai)《納(na)米能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)》（Nano Energy）上。 固體氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)池(chi)（SOEC）可以(yi)將CO2和(he)(he)(he)(he)水轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)合成氣、烴(jing)類燃料并(bing)聯(lian)產高(gao)純度(du)(du)(du)O2。該(gai)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)池(chi)具有(you)全固態和(he)(he)(he)(he)模塊(kuai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，以(yi)及能(neng)(neng)量(liang)效(xiao)率高(gao)、成本低等優(you)點(dian)(dian)，在(zai)CO2轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)可再生清潔電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)存儲方(fang)面表現出極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具潛力的(de)應(ying)用(yong)前(qian)景。 鈣鈦礦型陶(tao)瓷陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由于在(zai)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)氣氛下結(jie)(jie)構(gou)穩定，且(qie)可有(you)效(xiao)抑制積碳(tan)反(fan)應(ying)，是近(jin)年來SOEC領域的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)熱點(dian)(dian)。然而，鈣鈦礦型陶(tao)瓷陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)氧空(kong)位(wei)濃度(du)(du)(du)低、CO2吸附弱、CO2活(huo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)困難，導致CO2電(dian)(dian)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)較低。 該(gai)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)團隊制備(bei)了(le)釩(fan)(fan)摻(chan)(chan)雜(za)的(de)鑭鍶鐵(tie)與(yu)釓(ga)摻(chan)(chan)雜(za)的(de)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鈰納(na)米復合材(cai)料（LSFVx/GDC），作為(wei)SOEC陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)應(ying)用(yong)于高(gao)溫(wen)CO2電(dian)(dian)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)反(fan)應(ying)。實驗(yan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)論計(ji)算結(jie)(jie)果(guo)表明，釩(fan)(fan)的(de)摻(chan)(chan)雜(za)可增加(jia)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)氧空(kong)位(wei)濃度(du)(du)(du)，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)CO2高(gao)溫(wen)吸附活(huo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)能(neng)(neng)力和(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)。在(zai)800°C和(he)(he)(he)(he)1.6V時(shi)，SOEC電(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)可達0.62A/cm2，比未摻(chan)(chan)雜(za)時(shi)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)51.2%，電(dian)(dian)流效(xiao)率接近(jin)100%。該(gai)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)通過(guo)金(jin)屬元素摻(chan)(chan)雜(za)來調控SOEC陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料氧空(kong)位(wei)濃度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)CO2吸附活(huo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)能(neng)(neng)力，為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)SOEC陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)CO2電(dian)(dian)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)提(ti)供了(le)新思路。 上述(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)工作得到了(le)國(guo)家(jia)自(zi)然科(ke)學(xue)基金(jin)、國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)研(yan)(yan)發計(ji)劃(hua)、DMTO和(he)(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)科(ke)院先導專項等項目的(de)資助。
說(shuo)明：
來(lai)源：中(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)合(he)肥(fei)研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan) 近期(qi)，中(zhong)(zhong)國科(ke)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)合(he)肥(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術生物(wu)與農業工程研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)研(yan)究(jiu)員吳正巖課題(ti)(ti)(ti)組與上海(hai)交通大學(xue)(xue)第九人(ren)民醫院(yuan)(yuan)教(jiao)授鄒多宏、合(he)肥(fei)研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)強磁場科(ke)學(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)心研(yan)究(jiu)員鐘凱合(he)作(zuo)，開發了一種(zhong)新(xin)型(xing)稀土摻(chan)雜的氟(fu)化(hua)物(wu)診(zhen)療劑，為腫瘤(liu)精準(zhun)檢測提供了新(xin)思路(lu)。相關成果(guo)已被化(hua)學(xue)(xue)化(hua)工期(qi)刊Chemical Engineering Journal 接收發表(DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.157)。 目前(qian)，磁共振成像（MRI）和(he)熒(ying)(ying)光(guang)成像是(shi)兩(liang)種(zhong)常(chang)見腫瘤(liu)檢測方(fang)法(fa)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，MRI具有(you)(you)(you)穿透(tou)深度(du)大、無損、空間分辨率(lv)高(gao)等(deng)優點，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)檢測大腫瘤(liu)發揮了重(zhong)要作(zuo)用，但對(dui)(dui)小腫瘤(liu)結節靈敏(min)度(du)較低(di)。熒(ying)(ying)光(guang)成像對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)小腫瘤(liu)具有(you)(you)(you)較高(gao)的靈敏(min)度(du)，但其組織穿透(tou)深度(du)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)。這兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)的各自缺點成為限(xian)制其應用的關鍵因素。迫切需要將它們整(zheng)合(he)起來(lai)，取(qu)長(chang)補短(duan)，建立一種(zhong)新(xin)型(xing)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)腫瘤(liu)診(zhen)斷方(fang)法(fa)。 針對(dui)(dui)該(gai)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，課題(ti)(ti)(ti)組制備出(chu)一種(zhong)Gd/Eu摻(chan)雜的CaF2納米簇，可用于(yu)(yu)MR/熒(ying)(ying)光(guang)雙模式成像，有(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)精確定(ding)位腫瘤(liu)。同時，裝載順鉑后(hou)，該(gai)納米系統展現出(chu)顯著的酸敏(min)控釋(shi)性能和(he)抗腫瘤(liu)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)實現臨床癌癥(zheng)精準(zhun)診(zhen)療具有(you)(you)(you)潛(qian)在的應用前(qian)景。 該(gai)研(yan)究(jiu)工作(zuo)得到中(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)青促(cu)會、安(an)徽(hui)省科(ke)技(ji)重(zhong)大專(zhuan)項、安(an)徽(hui)省自然科(ke)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)金等(deng)項目的支持。